Chinese ceramics culture

Gourd-shaped kiln by the development of the Long Yao, Long Yao made a greater transformation from Yao Men, the fire chamber, the former room after room, chimney, and other components, suitable for burning high potassium content, Viscosity under high-temperature glaze in large porcelain.

Egg seen in the late Ming and early Qing kiln in Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province, by the Yuan and Ming period kiln gourd development evolved from Yao Men, the fire chamber, kiln room, and the parapet walls of the chimney, and other parts. The rational structure of materials required for low-cost, convenient construction, Shaozao large, suitable for a variety of green glaze, and a variety of species can be a porcelain kiln; egg kiln in order to do so CHAI fuel, firing a short time, product quality It clearance for the development of Jingdezhen porcelain, and to pray a very important role.

Flame in accordance with the direction of the furnace is divided into direct flame kiln, down-draft kiln, Bandao flame kiln, the flame-kiln, and so on.

Porcelain kiln firing of the mouth, all over the provinces could go on, Ming Yao is spread all over the ages. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there have been construction official, presided over the porcelain Shaozao Yao Chang, known as the "official kiln." In fact, as early as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Wu Yue Yue Qian court monopoly of production, has been the nature of the kiln, but has not yet formed a specific concept. Well-known in the history of the Northern Song Dynasty, such as Guan Wonderland, governance and Bianjing years in the Northern Song Dynasty set up the kiln, and repair within the Division of the Southern Song Dynasty kilns of the Ming Dynasty Xuande kiln, the kiln Wanli, integrated kilns of the Qing Dynasty Emperor Kangxi of the kiln, the kiln Yongzheng, Qianlong kiln And so on. Ancient porcelain kiln, there are three main purposes, first Queen Ting porcelain officials, including the pass thanks to the hero's reward Guoqi porcelain; Second, the foreign relations of ceramic gifts; The third is for overseas trade porcelain goods. As the kiln artisans of the high level of technology, and specialized supervision of officials to supervise the production, and will have a strict destruction of defective, it is generally more delicate porcelain kiln, and the world kept low.

The court set a relatively kiln, the kiln of civil Min Yao said that throughout history the majority of the kiln are a few of these, the number of non-kiln, a kiln for on behalf of the mouth, the product of fetal glaze ingredients, techniques, design , Glaze, decoration and so on the same or similar group of kiln, often divided into a kiln system. Department of kiln formed in the civil system of unprecedented prosperity in the Song Dynasty Porcelain, and the continued development of the Yuan Dynasty. Important in the Song Dynasty, such as the Group of Eight kiln system. The kiln to make more use of a product line consisting mainly varieties, such as Ding's white, white and the Department of Cizhou Yao Hua Ci, carved designs of the Department of Yaozhou porcelain, the Department of Longquan celadon kiln, and so on, but sometimes there are some other types of products . Comparing with the product must be representative of the royal kiln will of the ruling class reflects the psychological needs of the restrictions, Min Yao product design, decoration materials more freely, rich.

China's Song Dynasty Porcelain history of the development of a prosperous period, the kiln across the country. At this time there have been five well-known in the history of Ming Yao Department of the eight kilns. Ming Yao is the top five in the Song Dynasty kiln, Ge ware, Ru, Ding, and Ware. Eight kiln system is designated the Department of kiln, the Department of Cizhou Yao, Yaozhou Department, the Department of Ware, Longquan Kiln Department, the Department Jingdezhen kiln, and the Department of Yue kiln production lines. Song Dynasty kiln many unique in the history of China's ceramic Mingyaofengqi, one after another Mingci an important historical period.

China's Yuan Dynasty in the kiln before a more balanced distribution of the North and the South, the sites all over the country, spread all over Ming Yao, such as the above-mentioned eight major kilns of the Song Dynasty line is that each of the four major North and South kiln line, and after the Song system of Porcelain Appeared in the development of the tilt, as the reason for the war in the north of the regional economy was severely damaged, the system followed the decline of Porcelain, Porcelain south of the center of gravity, many of the kiln workers across the border. After the Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province With its unique natural resources and skilled craftsmen skills in the original solid technical porcelain has been the rapid development of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, has become the country's largest porcelain, Mingyangtianxia "Porcelain."

Chinese culture has a long history of ceramic, porcelain producing areas are widely distributed, as the regional distribution of the kiln, each of the regions natural resources and natural conditions vary in different materials of porcelain kiln restricting the means of production, technology, decorative Techniques, so that the kiln products have different styles and characteristics, in order to accurately identify the authenticity and origin Porcelain provide an important basis.

Jingdezhen's porcelain kiln

Speaking of the kiln as early as the Neolithic Age, China has invented a "cave kiln" used to Shaozao pottery. Shang and Zhou dynasties, there is a flame or a round-the kiln and kiln side, but at the time of porcelain and pottery kiln Shaozao with no special kiln, Shang and Zhou dynasties, like the original porcelain and pottery Hardware Yin Wen is the same kiln Fired. With the continuous development of the system Porcelain, kiln gradually separated from the Tao and become specialized Shaozao porcelain kiln.

According to form, there are kilns kilns steamed bread (round kiln), Long Yao, class kiln, gourd-shaped kiln, egg and other kiln. Steamed bread kiln and the Long Yao is the most common, and longer in use , North Plains to make more use of steamed bread kiln, and the mountains of the South, Mid-levels while the construction of the mountain Long Yao; on the following talk about these shapes of the furnace.

Steamed bread kiln, also known as "round kiln," and bore kiln fire room together for a steamed-shaped space, therefore its name. Steamed about kiln seen in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, has been adopted so far and it is popular in the north of the shapes of the ceramic kilns, Yao Men from the fire chamber, the furnace room, chimney, and other parts, living soil dug out to repair or Blank, built from brick. Steamed bread kiln is characterized by easy to control the speed of warming and cooling, moisturizing and good for roasting thick matrix, under high-temperature glaze porcelain larger viscosity; However, it is warming up, slower than the cool, firing a relatively long time, And before and after the kiln temperature, not evenly distributed from top to bottom, so defective that easy.

Long Yao, also known as a long kiln, according to the slope or tilt mound construction, and more in the long kiln 30 to 80 meters between the shape of the past, it is called Long Yao. Long Yao Yao Tou sub-structure, the kiln bed, the back-end of three parts. Long Yao seen in the Shang Dynasty, the era of both Long Yao Yin Wen firing pottery Hardware, and the original blue bake, known as the "co-fired ceramics kiln with" the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the end of the co-fired ceramics kiln with the Situation, there have been special porcelain firing of Long Yao. Since then, the gradual growth of Long Yao, North Korea and the inclination of the structure has been improved so that the results improve burnt Long Yao, Song and Yuan period, there has been a Long Yao kiln in the indoor multi-channel block masonry wall, its Is divided into several small rooms, located off the lower part of pyrotechnic firewall holes so that the room between the same room with, the so-called "sub-Long Yao room." Until today, some areas of the South is still in use Longyao firing ceramics. Long Yao of the characteristics of the building is convenient to put on a burn large, high-yield, the heating, cooling rapidly and easily restored to maintain an atmosphere suitable for roasting matrix thin, high temperature viscosity smaller lime glaze Blue and White Porcelain, so it was Long Yao said is the cradle of porcelain.

Ming-class kiln seen in the kiln of Jiande, Song and Yuan Dynasties from the sub-Long Yao developed from the room. It is based on materials such as brick according to tilt the slope of the building, the inclination of 21 degrees, Yao Men from the fire chamber, a number of rooms and chimneys, and so on, each room in turn connects to the next since the end of the formation of class levels, so Called "class kiln." It installed burn-Long Yao large, high-yield and easy to control or steamed bread kiln, the temperature at a speed of the advantages at the same time have the strength to save fuel, suitable for burning of German white porcelain kiln, and other components with high potassium, Viscosity under high-temperature glaze in large porcelain.